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History of creation cell phone

Usually the history of the creation of a mobile phone is told something like this: On April 3, 1973, the head of Motorola's mobile communications division, Martin Cooper, was walking through the center of Manhattan and decided to make a call on his mobile phone. However, Martin Cooper was not the first person in history to make a mobile phone call. And not even second.

The man in the photo from the magazine "Science and Life" was named Leonid Ivanovich Kupriyanovich, and it was he who turned out to be the person who made the cell phone call 15 years before Cooper.

Experiments to make the phone mobile appeared soon after its inception. Enable true mobility telephone communication It became possible only after the advent of radio communications in the VHF range. By the 1930s, transmitters had appeared that a person could easily carry on his back or hold in his hands.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet scientist and inventor Georgy Ilyich Babat, in besieged Leningrad, proposed the so-called “monophone” - an automatic radiotelephone operating in the centimeter range of 1000-2000 MHz. “It weighs no more than the film device “Leika”,” wrote G. Babat . “Wherever the subscriber is - at home, visiting or at work, in the foyer of a theater, on the tribune of a stadium, watching competitions - everywhere he can connect his individual monophone to one of the many ends of the branches of the wave network. Several subscribers can connect to one end, and no matter how many there are, they will not interfere with each other."

In December 1947, Douglas Ring and Ray Young, employees of the American company Bell, proposed the principle of hexagonal cells for mobile telephony. This happened right in the midst of intense efforts to create a phone that could be used to make calls from a car. The first such service was launched in 1946 in St. Louis by AT&T Bell Laboratories, and in 1947 a system was launched with intermediate stations along the highway, allowing calls from a car on the way from New York to Boston. However, due to imperfections and high cost, these systems were not commercially successful.

However, as noted in the same 1946 in the journal “Science and Life”, No. 10, domestic engineers G. Shapiro and I. Zakharchenko developed a telephone communication system from a moving car with a city network, the mobile device of which had a power of only 1 watt and fit under the instrument panel. The power was from a car battery.

In the United States, the inventor Alfred Gross was the first to try to do the impossible. Since 1939, he was passionate about creating portable walkie-talkies, which decades later became known as “walkie-talkies.” In 1949 he created a device based on walkie talkie, which was called a "cordless remote telephone". The device could be carried with you, and it gave the owner a signal to answer the phone. It is believed that this was the first simple pager. Gross even implemented it in one of the hospitals in New York, but telephone companies did not show interest in this new product, as well as in his other ideas in this direction. So America lost the chance to become the birthplace of the first practically working mobile phone.

In 1957, Kupriyanovich demonstrates an even more amazing thing - a walkie-talkie the size of a matchbox and weighing only 50 grams, which can work for 50 hours without changing the power supply and provides communication over a range of two kilometers - quite comparable to the products of the 21st century that can be seen in the windows of today communication shops

The 1960 edition describes simple radio station with only three transistors, which can be worn on the hand.

In 1957 L.I. Kupriyanovich received an author's certificate for "Radiofon" - an automatic radiotelephone with direct dialing. Through an automatic telephone radio station from this device it was possible to connect with any subscriber of the telephone network within the range of the Radiofon transmitter. By that time, the first operating set of equipment was ready, demonstrating the operating principle of the “Radiophone”, called LK-1 by the inventor (Leonid Kupriyanovich, the first sample).

The 1958 model of a mobile phone, including its power source, weighed only 500 grams.

In 1959, engineer Hristo Bachvarov took out a patent in the field of mobile radiotelephony, and in the 60s he created a mobile phone, conceptually similar to Kupriyanovich's radiophone.

The first industrial designs of mobile phones were also created in Bulgaria. Among the exhibits of the Bulgarian exposition at the Interorgtekhnika-66 exhibition were the so-called “automatic radiotelephones” PAT-0.5 and ATRT-0.5, which allow “to carry out radio communication on the VHF range with any telephone subscriber of the city, region and enterprise without special adaptation to his telephone."

The first cell phone was produced in 1983 by Motorola. This model was called DynaTAC 8000X. The weight of the phone was 794 grams, dimensions - 33 * 4.4 * 8.9 cm. The battery charge was enough for an hour of calls, and in standby mode for 8 hours. The display was LED. Although the price of the first phone model was $3,995

A mobile phone is a portable device for transmitting primarily voice messages via radio communication. Cell phone – a phone that operates on certain radio frequencies in networks cellular communication.

1989 And finally someone realized that important parameter mobile phone is its portability. Not only is the cell phone Motorola phone The MicroTAC has received much praise for its size, but its durability has also been praised battery life(about 75 minutes) and "cheap" cost (only $2995).

1994 Although the term “smartphone” had not even been invented in those years, the first mention of the communicator appeared in 1994. It was an IBM Simon Personal Communicator priced at $1,100

1995 The year 1995 can be called the general introduction of mobile cellular communications. True, the size of the devices of that time would shock today’s generation. In appearance, the rarity slightly resembles cordless phone present time. Even the small functionality that developers introduced into cell phones of the early 90s could not fit into the cell phones of our time. The reason for this is the low level of technology of the element base and the lack of a dense network base stations mobile operators. Therefore, there was a need to use increased power of transmitting modules and correspondingly larger antennas for reliable communication.

1996 A year later, in 1996, mobile phones were slightly improved and began to look prettier. And the length of the antenna has been significantly reduced. The picture below shows a cell phone Nokia phone 9000, which was one of the most popular phones of the time.

1997 1997 stands out for its innovation: developers began installing internal antennas in mobile phones, which clearly improved appearance cellular devices.

1999 In 1999, mobile phones began to be given a more compact appearance. The photo below shows the Nokia 3210, which has a sleek design, an internal antenna and improved graphics. All this significantly distinguishes this phone from previous cell phone models.

2000 This year the world saw the first touchscreen phone. Although this was not the cutting-edge technology available today, at the time it was a huge springboard for the introduction of the latest, promising technologies. The picture shows a Motorola mobile phone, which is equipped with a black and white touch screen. The use of a sensor has significantly simplified the user's access to various functions of the device.

2001 2001 was the year of birth of the world's first cell phone with a monochromatic display. As an alternative to boring, black and gray displays, developers have offered users displays with color backlighting. The image shows the Nokia 8250, one of the first phones to feature a monochromatic color display. For example, the blue backlight of the display along with the compact design made this phone a desirable model for many people at the time.

2002 In 2002 high tech accomplished gigantic, turning-point events in the history of mobile phones: large full-color displays appeared in mobile phones. integration of video cameras into mobile phones.

2003 In 2003, flip phones appeared. This model had a small external screen that allowed you to see incoming calls and text messages, and a large internal screen for the user to type messages and perform other phone functions.

2004 During the development of mobile phones, manufacturers were in a race to create the smallest phones. The smallest phones were very expensive and not everyone could buy them. So, 2004 gave us a surprise in the form of one of the thinnest mobile phones of that time, created by Motorola. The photo below shows the Motorola V3 mobile phone, which was the best in its class, had stunning looks, slim shape, dual screen, VGA camera and many other functional features.

2005 In 2005, Sony introduced the world's first Walkman phone. Indeed, mobile Sony phone The W800i was an amazing device of its kind and was designed for audiophiles. The device had excellent reproduction musical compositions and had separate buttons to control the player.

2007 In 2007, Apple Inc introduced the world to the first iPhone, which became the world's first touchscreen smartphone using advanced technology. It also became the first phone with an installed operating system. iOS system, which allowed various applications to work on the phone. From that moment on, iPhones became a source of pride and image for their owners.

2008 In 2008, the need arose to have a phone with a full keyboard and at the same time a not very small screen. Sliders came to the rescue. For example, the flagship of that time, the HTC G1 slider smartphone, had a full QWERTY keyboard hidden under it. big screen. The HTC G1 itself worked under Android control OS.

2012 In 2012, Nokia Lumia 800 appeared, which runs on operating system Windows 7 Mobile Edition OS.

Every year we are provided with more and more new phone models. And their capabilities are becoming more complex and functional. And who knows what awaits us next year. What else will manufacturers please us with? mobile devices? In our rush to buy new models of mobile phones, we forget their original purpose – voice communication between subscribers.

The presentation and summary of the GCD for the senior and preparatory groups, “A Journey into the History of the Telephone,” are intended to enrich children’s ideas about the world of surrounding objects. Introduce children to the history of the appearance and development of the telephone, expand knowledge about communications.

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Journey into the history of the telephone VIRTUAL MUSEUM

PRIMITIVE PEOPLE

SIGNAL LIGHT

SIGNAL DRUMS

SIGNAL TOWERS

SIGNAL PIPE - TREMBITA

SIGNAL BELL

FIRST PHONES

TELEPHONE STATION. TELEPHONIST

LET'S CALL YOU!

Preview:

Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the outside world in the senior and preparatory groups of kindergarten

"Journey into the Phone's Past"

Purpose of the lesson:

Enriching children's ideas about the world of surrounding objects and encouraging joint creative activity based on the use of information received in the lesson.

Tasks:

1. Introduce children to the history of the appearance and development of the telephone, expand knowledge about communications.
2. Reinforce the rules of speech etiquette when communicating on the phone, knowledge of the telephone numbers of emergency services: fire, police, ambulance.
3. Develop social skills: the ability to work in pairs, take into account the partner’s opinion.
4. Develop attention, imagination, memory through didactic games and exercises.
5. Cultivate accuracy when performing work.

Predicted result:

Transferring information about the phone to the sphere of personal interests.

Equipment:

Laptop, screen, overhead projector, camera, helper diagrams, cards with emergency numbers, telephones, variable materials for children's work.

Literature:

1. Dybina O.V. “What happened before...” (games of traveling into the past of objects)
2.When developing the presentation, photographic materials from Internet resources were used.

Introductory part:

Guys, last night on TV I watched a report from the local history museum. Now this report will be repeated, let's sit down and watch. (View video on screen)

Correspondent: Hello, we are reporting from the local history museum. “My phone rang...” - this phrase from a poem by K. Chukovsky is known to everyone, but everyone knows that on February 14 the telephone celebrated its birthday. Our museum displays telephones of the past and present. Our museum announces a competition for unusual phones for kindergartens. We are waiting for your works. Good luck to everyone, see you on the air.

Guys, are we going to take part in the competition? Children's answers. What do we know about the phone? What is a phone for? Have there always been telephones? What were phones like before? Want to know about it? Children's answers.

Main part:

Guys, I want to invite you to the past of the phone. (The teacher and the children sit on the floor near the screen. Slides appear on the screen)

A long time ago, when people lived in caves and dressed in animal skins, they could not speak, but they had to communicate with each other. Do you think they communicated using the phone? How did they do it? (Children's answers: gestures, facial expressions)

Let's try it too. Do you guys think it was easy to communicate like that? (children's answer)

As time passed, people learned to speak, built homes for themselves, started farming, and continued to look for new ways to transmit information. If it was necessary to report some news to another village, people climbed a high mountain and made a fire, and later used the sounds of drums, signal pipes, and bells. Everyone found out that some event had happened and reacted to it. Were these methods convenient? Why? (Children's answers)

But time passed. And so the first apparatus was invented; it consisted of two funnel-like tubes, which were connected to each other by a long wire. They spoke into one tube and put the other to their ear. This device was called “TELEPHONE”. What's unusual for us about this phone? The word “telephone” means: the first part “tele” means far, the second part “background” means sound. With this device, sound could be heard very far away. Later, the types of telephones changed and people invented telephones with a disk; to dial a number, they inserted a finger into the holes on the disk, marked with numbers, and turned the disk. This was not very convenient: the finger got tired, the disk rotated slowly. Therefore, the disk was replaced with buttons. Many people still have such phones, but such a device could be used while indoors; you cannot take it with you. Why? Scientists again began to think about how to make the telephone convenient for communication and transmitting information. And then the mobile phone was invented. Why do people all over the world use it? (Children's answers)

Indeed, mobile means portable; you can take it with you and communicate wherever you are. Guys, let's look at telephones: show me a phone with a disk, push-button telephone. Some modern phones have built-in answering machines; if we are not at home, the person who called you can leave a message for you. (Children and teacher look at phones)

Guys, do you know how to talk on the phone correctly? I suggest you watch the sketch “Telephone Conversation”. (Two children perform a dramatization) Guys, did the boys have a good conversation? How to start a conversation correctly? How to continue the conversation? How to finish? (children's answers)

Each phone has its own number. Does this help us call exactly the right person? (children's answers: number). What numbers should every person in our country know? (Children's answers: service numbers: fire service, police, ambulance).

Guys, let's play a game " Correct number"(children are given cards with numbers 01,02,03; a picture appears on the screen depicting an emergency situation: fire, etc., and the children pick up a card with the corresponding number).

We have repeated the important numbers of the rules for communicating by phone. What have you learned about the telephone, what was the telephone like in the past? Now we know a lot about the phone and can participate in the competition. What did we need to do? What could be unusual about a phone? Let's try to make unusual phones, take pictures of them and send them to the museum. Pair up and go to the tables. Discuss with each other what your unusual phone will be like, how you will make it, and what you will need for it. The tables have everything you need for work. You can begin (children work in pairs, the teacher approaches each pair, reminds them that the phone must be unusual and one from the pair, after completing the work, the children take out and put their “crafts” on the table).

The teacher analyzes the work.

Why is your couple's phone considered unusual? You have done wonderful work. Now we will take pictures of them and send them by e-mail. (connects the camera to the laptop, sends it)

Final part:

Children, what new did you learn in class today? What was particularly difficult for you? How did you cope with difficulties? Where can we use our “fancy phones”? And also, guys, I would like to know what unusual stories related to the phone happened to your loved ones. Ask them about it and tell them at the next lesson.

The report starts again on the screen. Video recording.

Correspondent: Dear TV viewers! We thank the children of the “Vasilek” kindergarten in the village of Volokonovka for participating in the unusual telephone competition and are waiting for you at our museum.

Inventor of the telephone The inventor of the telephone, an American of Scottish origin, Alexander Graham Bell (), was a doctor who taught the deaf and dumb to speak. He knew a lot about sound and voice, and it was this that gave him the idea of ​​a device that could convert the human voice into an electrical signal. Such signals were transmitted through wires a million times faster than sound through the air. So Bell invented the telephone.

How it works When you call one of your friends on the phone, your voice causes the microphone membrane to vibrate. The microphone converts vibrations into electrical signals that travel along the wire. When these signals arrive on your friend's phone, they vibrate the earphone membrane, and it converts the vibration into sounds.

My experience For the experiment I needed two plastic glasses and a cord. I made a hole in each glass, threaded the cord through both holes, and tied a knot at each end. He took one of the glasses and gave the other to his brother. We separated so that the cord was taut and spoke in turns - one spoke into his glass, the other listened into his. Sound waves passed through the wire.

The literature used is LARGE CHILDREN'S ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA Egmont Russia LTD. MY VERY FIRST ENCYCLOPEDIA Moscow "Rosman" 2006 POPULAR ENCYCLOPEDIC ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY EUROPEDIA Moscow Olma-press 2004 WHY AND BECAUSE Moscow "Rosman" 2005 WHAT? FOR WHAT? WHY? Big book of questions and answers.